Syncope Assessment for Lumbar Fusion

You are in the preadmission clinic. A 76-year-old man presents for a multilevel lumbar posterior fusion procedure for severe spinal canal stenosis. He lives on and maintains a rural property (25 acres). He is undergoing investigation for dizzy spells. Medications Empagliflozin 25 mg daily Metformin 850 mg twice a day Rosuvastatin 10 mg daily Candesartan 16 mg daily Escitalopram 20 mg daily Mirtazapine 7.5 mg daily Tamsulosin Hydrochloride 400 mcg daily Temazepam 10 mg daily Observations Height 176 cm Weight 85 kg Body Mass Index 27.4 kg/m2 Available investigations: ECG Full blood count Biochemistry